{"id":380,"date":"2020-12-19T18:51:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-19T17:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/?p=380"},"modified":"2023-07-29T11:37:12","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T09:37:12","slug":"utiliser-le-present-en-espagnol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/espagnol\/utiliser-le-present-en-espagnol\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment utiliser le pr\u00e9sent en espagnol ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n\n \n \n

Voyons maintenant comment fonctionnent les verbes dans le contexte du pr\u00e9sent<\/strong>\u2026<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

\n\n \n \n

En espagnol, il existe des verbes dits \"r\u00e9guliers\"<\/strong> qui ont une logique de conjugaison simple<\/strong>, et que nous allons voir tout de suite<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

\n\n \n \n

Et des verbes dits \"irr\u00e9guliers\"<\/strong> qui ne suivent pas la logique des verbes r\u00e9guliers<\/strong> et que l'on verra juste apr\u00e8s<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

\n\n \n \n

Les verbes r\u00e9guliers<\/h2> \n <\/div>\n
\n\n \n \n

On retrouve 3 groupes de verbes :<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Les verbes en -AR<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Les verbes en -ER<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Les verbes en -IR<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    1er groupe : les verbes en -AR<\/h3> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Voici comment se conjuguent ces verbes<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    <\/th>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Yo<\/td>\n-o<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T\u00fa<\/td>\n-as<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00c9l, ella<\/td>\n-a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nosotros, nosotras<\/td>\n-amos<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Vosotros, vosotras<\/td>\n-\u00e1is<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ellos, Ellas, ustedes<\/td>\n-an<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Pour illustrer le premier groupe, celui dont l'infinitif des verbes se termine par -ar<\/strong>, prenons par exemple le verbe cantar<\/strong>, qui signifie chanter<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (Yo) canto<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Je chante <\/span><\/p> \"(Yo)\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (T\u00fa) cantas<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Tu chantes <\/span><\/p> \"(T\u00fa)\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (\u00c9l, ella, usted) canta<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Il \/ elle chante, vous chantez (vouvoiement) <\/span><\/p> \"(\u00c9l,\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (Nosotros, nosotras) cantamos<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Nous chantons <\/span><\/p> \"(Nosotros,\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (Vosotros, vosotras) cant\u00e1is<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Vous chantez <\/span><\/p> \"(Vosotros,\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (Ellos, ellas, ustedes) cantan<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Ils \/ elles chantent, vous chantez (vouvoiement collectif) <\/span><\/p> \"(Ellos,\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    2\u00e8 groupe : les verbes en -ER<\/h3> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Voici comment se conjuguent ces verbes<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    <\/th>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Yo<\/td>\n-o<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T\u00fa<\/td>\n-es<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00c9l, ella<\/td>\n-e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nosotros, nosotras<\/td>\n-emos<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Vosotros, vosotras<\/td>\n-\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ellos, Ellas, ustedes<\/td>\n-en<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Pour illustrer le deuxi\u00e8me groupe, celui dont l'infinitif des verbes se termine par -er<\/strong>, prenons par exemple le verbe comer<\/strong>, qui signifie manger<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (Yo) como<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Je mange <\/span><\/p> \"(Yo)\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (T\u00fa) comes<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Tu manges <\/span><\/p> \"(T\u00fa)\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (\u00c9l, ella, usted) come<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Il \/ elle mange, vous mangez (vouvoiement) <\/span><\/p> \"(\u00c9l,\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (Nosotros, nosotras) comemos<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Nous mangeons <\/span><\/p> \"(Nosotros,\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (Vosotros, vosotras) com\u00e9is<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Vous mangez <\/span><\/p> \"(Vosotros,\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (Ellos, ellas, ustedes) comen<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Ils \/ elles mangent, vous mangez (vouvoiement collectif) <\/span><\/p> \"(Ellos,\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    3\u00e8 groupe : les verbes en -IR<\/h3> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Voici comment se conjuguent ces verbes<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    <\/th>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Yo<\/td>\n-o<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T\u00fa<\/td>\n-es<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00c9l, ella<\/td>\n-e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nosotros, nosotras<\/td>\n-imos<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Vosotros, vosotras<\/td>\n-\u00eds<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ellos, Ellas, ustedes<\/td>\n-en<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Pour illustrer le premier groupe, celui dont l'infinitif des verbes se termine par -ir<\/strong>, prenons par exemple le verbe vivir<\/strong>, qui signifie vivre<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (Yo) vivo<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Je vis <\/span><\/p> \"(Yo)\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (T\u00fa) vives<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Tu vis <\/span><\/p> \"(T\u00fa)\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (\u00c9l, ella, usted) vive<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Il \/ elle vit, vous vivez (vouvoiement) <\/span><\/p> \"(\u00c9l,\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (Nosotros, nosotras) vivimos<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Nous vivons <\/span><\/p> \"(Nosotros,\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (Vosotros, vosotras) viv\u00eds<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Vous vivez <\/span><\/p> \"(Vosotros,\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" (Ellos, ellas, ustedes) viven<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" Ils \/ elles vivent, vous vivez (vouvoiement collectif) <\/span><\/p> \"(Ellos,\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    Les verbes pronominaux<\/h3> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Comme en fran\u00e7ais, certains verbes sont \"r\u00e9fl\u00e9chis\"<\/strong> ou \"pronominaux\"<\/strong>, comme par exemple \"s'appeler\"<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Ce sont des verbes syst\u00e9matiquement accompagn\u00e9s d'un pronom<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Ils existent de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on en espagnol<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    \u00c0 l'infinitif, on colle le pronom apr\u00e8s l'infinitif<\/strong> :<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" Llamarse<\/strong> <\/span>
    \"\" S'appeler <\/span><\/p> \"Llamar**se**\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    Par contre \u00e0 l'utilisation, le pronom est plac\u00e9 seul, avant le verbe<\/strong> :<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" Me<\/strong> llamo Roman <\/span>
    \"\" Je m'appelle Romain <\/span><\/p> \"**Me**\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" Lavarse <\/span>
    \"\" Se laver <\/span><\/p> \"Lavarse\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" Me<\/strong> lavo <\/span>
    \"\" Je me lave <\/span><\/p> \"**Me**\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" Te<\/strong> lavas <\/span>
    \"\" Tu te lave <\/span><\/p> \"**Te**\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" Se<\/strong> lava <\/span>
    \"\" Il \/ elle se lave, vous vous lavez (vouvoiement) <\/span><\/p> \"**Se**\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" Nos<\/strong> lavamos <\/span>
    \"\" Nous nous lavons <\/span><\/p> \"**Nos**\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" Os<\/strong> lav\u00e1is <\/span>
    \"\" Vous vous lavez <\/span><\/p> \"**Os**\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" Se<\/strong> laven <\/span>
    \"\" Ils \/ elles se lavent, vous vous lavez (vouvoiement collectif) <\/span><\/p> \"**Se**\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    Les verbes irr\u00e9guliers<\/h2> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Certains verbes sont irr\u00e9guliers et ne suivent pas le fonctionnement des verbes r\u00e9guliers<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Les verbes irr\u00e9guliers, bien qu'il semble \u00eatre ennuyeux de les apprendre, sont important, puisque ce sont tr\u00e8s souvent les verbes les plus utilis\u00e9s<\/strong> dans la langue\u2026<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Voici quelques verbes cl\u00e9s, qui sont irr\u00e9guliers<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    ser<\/strong> (\u00eatre-existence)<\/span>\n\"\" soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    estar<\/strong> (\u00eatre-situation)<\/span>\n\"\" estoy, est\u00e1s, est\u00e1, estamos, est\u00e1is, est\u00e1n <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    dar<\/strong> (donner)<\/span>\n\"\" doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    ir<\/strong> (aller)<\/span>\n\"\" voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    ver<\/strong> (voir)<\/span>\n\"\" veo, ves, ve, vemos, veis, ven <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    saber<\/strong> (savoir)<\/span>\n\"\" s\u00e9, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sab\u00e9is, saben <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    haber<\/strong> (avoir-auxiliaire)<\/span>\n\"\" he, has, ha, hemos, hab\u00e9is, han <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Certains verbes terminent par -go \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne :<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    poner<\/strong> (mettre, poser)<\/span>\n\"\" pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, pon\u00e9is, ponen <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    salir<\/strong> (sortir)<\/span>\n\"\" salgo, sales, sale, salemos, sal\u00e9is, salen <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    hacer<\/strong> (faire)<\/span>\n\"\" hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hac\u00e9is, hacen <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    caer<\/strong> (tomber)<\/span>\n\"\" caigo, caes, cae, caemos, ca\u00e9is, caen <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    traer<\/strong> (apporter)<\/span>\n\"\" traigo, traes, trae, traemos, tra\u00e9is, traen <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    tener<\/strong> (avoir)<\/span>\n\"\" tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, ten\u00e9is, tienen <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    venir<\/strong> (venir)<\/span>\n\"\" vengo, vienes, viene, venemos, ven\u00e9is, vienen <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    decir<\/strong> (dire)<\/span>\n\"\" digo, dices, dice, decimos, dec\u00eds, dicen <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Pour certains verbes, le 'e<\/strong>' du radical devient 'ie<\/strong>' (sauf pour nosotros et vosotros)<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Pensar (penser)<\/span>\n\"\" pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, pens\u00e1is, piensan <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Les verbes \u00e0 \"affaiblissement\"<\/h3> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Certains verbes affaiblissent<\/strong> le E<\/strong> du radical en I<\/strong> quand il est accentu\u00e9.<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    pedir<\/strong> (demander)<\/span>\n\"\" pi<\/strong>do, pi<\/strong>des, pi<\/strong>de, pedimos, ped\u00eds, pi<\/strong>den <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    elegir<\/strong> (choisir)<\/span>\n\"\" eli<\/strong>jo, eli<\/strong>ges, eli<\/strong>ge, elegimos, eleg\u00eds, eli<\/strong>gen <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    On remarque que ce changement n'a pas<\/strong> lieu aux 2 premi\u00e8res personnes du pluriel<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Dans la suite, les verbes \u00e0 affaiblissement seront pr\u00e9cis\u00e9s avec (e)<\/strong> ou (i)<\/strong> en fonction du cas<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Les verbes \u00e0 \"diphtongues\"<\/h3> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Un verbe \u00e0 diphtongue<\/strong>, c'est un verbe de n'importe quel groupe\u2026<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    \u2026qui voit le O ou le E de son radical se transformer en UE<\/strong> ou en IE<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    \"\" Pie<\/strong>rdo <\/span>
    \"\" Je perds <\/span><\/p> \"P**ie**rdo\n \n

    \n\n \n \n

    perder<\/strong> (perdre)<\/span>\n\"\" pie<\/strong>rdo, pie<\/strong>rdes, pie<\/strong>rde, perdemos, perd\u00e9is, pie<\/strong>rden <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    contar<\/strong> (raconter)<\/span>\n\"\" cue<\/strong>nto, cue<\/strong>ntas, cue<\/strong>nta, contamos, cont\u00e1is, cue<\/strong>ntan <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    On remarque que ce changement n'a pas<\/strong> lieu aux 2 premi\u00e8res personnes du pluriel<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Dans la suite de la formation, les verbes \u00e0 diphtongues seront pr\u00e9cis\u00e9s avec (ue)<\/strong> ou (ie)<\/strong> en fonction du cas<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Les verbes en terminant en -acer, -ecer, -ocer, -ucir<\/h3> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Ces verbes prennent un Z \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne du singulier<\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Par contre les terminaisons<\/strong> sont celles des verbes r\u00e9guliers<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    conocer<\/strong> (connaitre)<\/span>\n\"\" conoz<\/strong>co, conoces, conoce, conocemos, conoc\u00e9is, conocen <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    parecer<\/strong> (paraitre)<\/span>\n\"\" parez<\/strong>co, pareces, parece, parecemos, parec\u00e9is, parecen <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Les verbes en terminant en -uir<\/h3> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Les i<\/strong> se transforme en y<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    construir<\/strong> (construire)<\/span>\n\"\" construyo, construyes, construye, construimos, constru\u00eds, construyen <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    On remarque que ce changement n'a pas<\/strong> lieu aux 2 premi\u00e8res personnes du pluriel<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    Les verbes en terminant en -iar, -uar<\/h3> \n <\/div>\n
    \n\n \n \n

    Ces verbes prennent un accent tonique<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    situar<\/strong> (situer)<\/span>\n\"\" sit\u00fa<\/strong>o, sit\u00fa<\/strong>as, sit\u00fa<\/strong>a, situamos, situ\u00e1is, sit\u00fa<\/strong>an <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n \n \n

    On remarque que ce changement n'a pas<\/strong> lieu aux 2 premi\u00e8res personnes du pluriel<\/strong><\/p> \n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Voyons maintenant comment fonctionnent les verbes dans le contexte du pr\u00e9sent\u2026 En espagnol, il existe des verbes dits \"r\u00e9guliers\" qui ont une logique de conjugaison simple, et que nous allons voir tout de suite Et des verbes dits \"irr\u00e9guliers\" qui ne suivent pas la logique des verbes r\u00e9guliers et que l'on verra juste apr\u00e8s Les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":381,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-espagnol","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/380"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=380"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/380\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":383,"href":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/380\/revisions\/383"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/381"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=380"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=380"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mnemolia.com\/stories\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}